X d driving system por automobiles



S. R. BERGNAN.

DRIVING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMJBHES.

APPLICATION mm MAR. s 121:2

1,378,514. Patented May 17, 1921.

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To all-whom itmayconcem:

. Be it known that I, Sven R. BERGMAN, a subject of-theKing of Sweden,residing at Nahant, -in;-the' cojnnty of Essex, State of Massachusetts,'.3have.invented certain new and useful; Improvements .inDrivin Sysvgte ns fOIgAlltOIIlObilBS, of which 'the ollow" ing ismspeeification.

he present invention relatesto driving systems for Zautomobiles ofthe t pe in which an internal combustion engine rives a gen- 2 era-ton connected-zto a. 1 storage battery, the

generator and storagebattery being connected in parallel ,to-ran electricmotor or motors on the .dri'ving axles. In the operationof isuch systems the, en ine and generator'.-are -i1sual1y run at speed and in case the enerator supplies morev power 7 than the driving motor or motors .r uire'at the particular load, the excess is a orbed by thevstorage battery, awhile-if the rloadbecomes so at that the enerator does not supply su cient power, 1; en-. the=storage battery supplies the deficiency- S stems of this characterarewell known and -:are--,well.recogniz'ed.- I i One of thep-chief-draw-backs to such systerm! has been that they have required large and. 'heavy.;storage batteries which necessarily increase both the initial cost and the cost "of-operation.- f i The object of my present invention is to provide an improved system of this character which is automatic in control and which enables me to use a comparatively small storage battery. 1

For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and'my invention, attention is directed to the accompanying specification and the claims appended thereto. I. In thedrawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating my invention, Fig:

2 is an enlarged view of certain of the controlling parts, and Fig. 3 is a diagram which illustrates the operation of the invention. 1 Referring to the-drawing, 5 indicates a wheel of an automobile; 6 a live axle and 7 a motor mounted on the axle 6 to drive it. The motor 7 is preferably a compound motor, 8, indicating the series field winding and 9 the shunt fieldwinding. 10 indicates an internal combustion engine having its shaft 11 connected to the rotor of a gen- 55 orator 12.

about constant the inherent advantages of them- The generator is compound "nnivmo SYSTEM roa A TOMOBILES.

, Specification of Letters Patent. Patent d M 17 1921 a plication filed March. 9, 1918. Serial no. 221,462.

wound being provided with a series field winding 13 and a shunt field winding 14. Connected directly to the generator by conductors 15 and 16 is a storage battery 17. The internal combustion engine may be of any suitable type and is provided with a carbureter '18 in whirhis a throttle valve 19 controlled from a lever20'on the steering wheel, as is usual. In the present instance the lever 20 turns a rod 21 in the steering post upon which is a cam 22 which engages a lever 23 connected by a rod 24 to the operatmg arm 25 of the valve 19. A spring 25 is provided to hold the lever 23 in engagement with cam 22. The manifold of the engine is indicated at 26 and the outlet of the carburetor is connected to it by a conduit 27 having two branches 28 and 29, as illustrated in Fig.2. In branch conduit 28 is a throttle valve 30 havin a toothed segment 31 on its spindle 32, and engaging segment 31 is a toothed rack 33 which slides in guides 34. Rack 33 is connected to a speed governor 35 by a bell crank lever 36 so that when the balls of the governor move the sliding collar 37, the bell crank lever moves'the rack 33 and actuates the throttle valve 30. The shaft 38 of the s eed governor is connected bygearing 39, ig. -1, to the engine shaft 11 so that the throttle valve 30 is positioned according to the speed of the engine. In branchconduit 29 is a throttle valve 40 having a toothed segment 41 on its spindle 42 and meshing with segment 41 is a worm 43 on the shaft 44 of a load governor or load responsive device 45. In the present instance the load governor 45 is shown in the form of an electro-magnetiv device responsive to the load current. In Fig. 1, the conduit 27, the speed governor 35, and associated parts, and the load governor 45 are shown as being inclosed in a suitable housing,'47.

The generator 12 and storage battery 17 are connected in parallel to the motor 7 by conductors 48 and 49, the conductor 49 including also the load responsive device 45 so that itis in series with the motor 7.. The device 45 will, therefore, position the throttle valve 40 in accordance with the load. The speed of the motor 7 is regulated by means of a suitable variable resistance connected in series with the shunt field 9 by conductors 50, and in Fig. 1, 51 indicates a suitable controller operated by a hand. lever 52 on the steering wheel by means i t which the shunt field resistance may be varied.

The operation is as-follows:When the engine is not running and the circuit of motor 7 is open'the throttle valve 40 in branch conduit 29 is closed, and the'th'rottle valve 30 in branch conduit 28 is open. 'Ihese are "tli'e' positions 'in which the valves 40 and 30 are shown in Fig.v 2. as When the engine 10 is running and the motor circuit is closed so that the automobileis in'motion the speed governor 35 acts in a direction to close the valve 30 and the load governor 45 acts in a direction to open the valve 40. The a speed governor is preferably set so that it does not'come into action until the engine is well started, for example,.atl500 R. P. M. The branch conduit 28 is preferably-smaller than the branch conduit 30 is moved from wide closed position during a certain range of operation .It may be fully open up to and at 1500 R; P. M. as referred to above, and fully closed at some higher'spe'ed, for example, 3000 R.- P. I device 45 is arranged to gradually 0 en the valve 40 as the load increases.

be seen that a differential action takes place upon changes of load and speed and the 'arrangement is such that at any time the resultant total valve opening; that is,'the-'sum valves 30 and 40, is'al'-' to the total load. This is illustrateddiagrammatically in Fig. 3'

where the vertical line A B represents area of valve opening and the horizontal line A C represents speed in the case ofvalve 30 and -load:.in the case of valve 40. The line indicates the area of valve-opening of valve 30 for a certain range of speeds, to usethe example previously referred to, of from 1500 R. P. M. to 3000 R. PVM. for example; the line E indicates the area of valve opening of valve 40 for a certain range of load, for example from no load up to full load, and the line F indicates the sum of the; areas indicated by lines D and E;

It will be appreciated, of course, that the engine is at all times under the control of manually actuated valve 19, which valve is in series with valves 30 and 40, and in advance of them as regards the direction of flow.

With this arrangement when the automo bile is running along on level ground the engine will be maintained at substantially constant speed and the speed of the automobile can be regulated by the controller 51. The storage battery 17'floats on the line and may be charging. or if fully charged, idle or discharging slightly according to circumstances. In case of an increase in .erator 12 is 29 and the valveopen position to- M. The lectro magneticapparatus shown is only It wall thus= load such, for example, aswould be met with u on striking a grade, the load governor, due to the lncrease in load will'act to open up the throttle valve 40 an increase the engine speed,.causing the generator to furnish a greater or less portion of the extra power required so that it will not all be thrown on the storage bathe 17. The genelectrically designed to give a slightl rising potential with the speed. For examp c, it may be so wound that at double the normal speed the generator current will be double the normal output. W'ith this arrangement, therefore, the battery 17 will be'alwa'ys protected automatically against heavy overloads and henceits size need not great. At the sametime the arrangement renders the operationand control of the automobile ve simple.

In accordance with the provisions of the have described the prin- 1 patent statutes, I ciple of operation of my invention,together with the apparatus which I now consider to represen the best-embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the that the invention can be other means.

'What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

carried out by illustrative and 1. -In a system of the character described,"

the combination of an en driven thereby, a storage 7 e,- a generator attery, a motor connected to thegenerator and battery, a

conduithaving two branchesthrough which operating fluid flows in pat-allel tothe eni gine, a valve in one of said branches which is normally open and is moved toward closed position when the speed of the increases, a valve in the other branch which is normally closed and a manua ly controlled valve in said conduit is moved toward open position when the load increases, and

in series with and in advance of said first named valves through.

In a system of the character described,

the combination of an engine, a generator driven thereby. a storage battery, a motor connected to the generator and battery, a conduit having two branches through which operating fuel flows in parallel to the engine, a valve in one of said branches which is normally open and is moved to ward closed position when the speed of the engine increases, said valve remaining open until a predetermined speed is reache and a valve in the other branch which is normally closed and is moved toward open position when the load increases.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this sixth day of March. 1918.

SVEN R. BERGMAN.

as regards the flow there- 

